Division of Wissenschaft|人类学问划分

Division of Wissenschaft|人类学问划分

According to my theory, branches of human endeavor (which I could not find a better word than ‘Wissenschaft‘ in German) are classified into the following categories.

 

Dai: Wissenschaft as Sciences and Arts

 

I. SCIENCES

Definition: Studies of the logos.

(a) Linguistic Sciences: Studies of the proper way of expressing our ideas and concretizing them into utterances (modified on 20150517):

Mathematics, Computer Science, Literature, Studies of Human Languages (Linguistics, Philology).

(b) Descriptive Sciences: Studies of recording (modified on 20150517 and 20170605):

Astronomy, History, Social Science (Sociology),  Part of Biology (Taxonomy, Botany)

(c) Analytical Sciences: Studies of the law(s) of nature (modified on 20150517):

Part of Philosophy, Most Physics, Part of Biology (including Neuroscience, Genetics, but not Botany and Taxonomy), Psychology, Part of Economics (behavior economics is fascinating!) and so on, those that involve some deliberation, hypothesizing, and falsification.

 

 

II. ARTS

Definition: Studies of the Eros, i.e. the creation of things that comfort our feelings.

(d) Application (20170605): Studies of the applications of science.

Engineering, Applied Physics (Material Sciences, including Chemistry), Most social sciences

(e) Politics: the Art of Dealing with Others. (It can also be viewed as applied psychology and linguistics).

Part of Political Philosophy, Part of Sociology, Applied Psychology

(f) Education (20150517): The Art of Brainwashing the Later-comers.

(g) Religion (20150517): I define religion as the Art of story-telling and propaganda aimed at making the masses feel better about themselves and thus controlling them.

(h) Traditional Arts (20150517): The Art of reflecting social life and arousing a desirable, albeit not necessarily pleasant, feeling in the audience, by means of language, imaging, performance, etc. (modified on 20190220)

Fine Arts, Music, Calligraphy, Pure Literature, Theater, etc.

 

 

人类学问划分

 

我们在建立任何关于万物的理论之前,首先有必要对人类现存的学问和研究进行划分。我把人类的学问划分为「道」和「术」。

 

一、道(学)

定义:研究理(logos)。

 

1.语言道:研究如何用合适、合理的方法把人的思想具象化成语言和理论的学问。

数学、计算科学、文学、语言研究(西方语言学、小学、训诂学等)

 

2.记叙道:记录的学问。

天文学、历史学、一部分生物学(分类学、博物学等)

 

3.分析道:(在语言道和记叙道的基础上)研究万物真理的学问。

一部分哲学、大部分物理学、一部分生物学(包括神经科学、基因学、但是不包括博物学、分类学、植物学等)、心理学、一部分经济学(行为经济学是一个很了不起的分支)等需要严肃思考、明确假设和实验证伪的学问。

 

 

二、术(技)

定义:研究改善我们生理和感情状态(eros)的方法。

 

4.应用术:研究道的应用技术。

工程学、应用物理(包括材料学和化学)、大部分社会科学(涉及政策制定)

 

5.政治术:研究同他人相处的技术。也可被看做应用心理学和应用语言学。

一部分政治哲学、政治学、应用心理学

 

6.教育术:研究洗脑共同体的后来者的技术。

 

7.宗教术:研究讲故事和宣传鼓动的技术,目的是为了让大众自我感觉更加良好,并借此控制他们。

 

8.艺术:艺术是借助语言、图像、表演等手段,通过塑造形象反映社会生活、创造愉悦感受的一种技巧,包括语言艺术(比如文学、诗歌)、表演艺术(比如戏剧、音乐)等。(modified on 20190220)

 

 

cf. Note No. 19: A Grand Theory.

2017-06-05

Modified on 2019-02-20